The sin that does not result in death

Question: In the Bible, in 1 John 5:16-17 what is the sin mentioned that does not result in death?

Answer:

           These verses have intrigued many people, and many explanations have been given by various Commentators. Therefore it may not be possible to have a clear explanation acceptable to everyone. When interpreting or understanding 1 John 5:16-17, it is quite common to start thinking in context of verses related to sin and it's damning effects, e.g. Romans 3:23 and Romans 6:23, and other Bible verses with a similar application.

           But we need to keep in mind and consider the fact that at the time when John wrote this epistle, the New Testament had neither been compiled from the many writings available at that time, nor was it available to the people in the form we have it now. Therefore the people to whom John wrote this letter did not have those verses and the related teachings which we now have with us, on the basis of which we now try to interpret and understand these verses. Hence those people then could not see and understand what John had written to them, in a manner similar to how we commonly see and understand them today; nor could they apply any meanings from other New Testament teachings into these verses, as we presently do. Therefore to understand these verses, they should be seen and understood in the same context and manner as those initial audience did, when John had written to them. That is the primary and basic meaning of these verses/statements; any other meanings and interpretations that are ascribed can be supplementary or complimentary to this primary meaning; but the other meanings cannot ever replace this primary meaning.

           On reading the initial chapters of John's letter it seems that amongst the audience to whom this letter was addressed, though some were 'children' in the Christian Faith, but most of them were of a good standing and maturity, and knew the facts related to righteousness and their faith (1 John 2:7, 13, 14, 20, 21, 24, 27). Therefore it is quite likely that they had some knowledge and understanding about the Law given to the Israelites through Moses in the Old Testament. For those who believed in God Jehovah, their understanding of what sin is and what it is not was according to that part of the Scripture which we know as the Old Testament today; and from it mainly according to the Law. When we see on the basis of the Old Testament righteousness and Law, we see in the Law there are some sins mentioned for which there was no repentance and atonement provided, only the death penalty had been decreed for them; for example see: Exodus 28:43; Leviticus 22:9; Numbers 1:51; 3:10; 3:38; 18:7; 18:22; 18:32; etc. In Leviticus 10:1, 2 we see that Nadab and Abihu were given no time or opportunity to repent, nor was anyone given any opportunity to intercede and pray, or offer any atonement for them, they died immediately. The people who were aware of the righteousness of the Old Testament, they knew that in the Law some sins are mentioned that have the death penalty prescribed for them, with no provision of repentance, atonement, and forgiveness having been made for them; therefore, even if forgiveness were to be asked for them, there is no possibility of any forgiveness being granted for them.

           Secondly, in 1 John 5:16 twice a sense of "petitioning or praying" has been used; once as "ask" and second time as "pray". For these two instances, two separate words have been used in the original Greek language.  The word used for the first instance is ‘aiteo’ which means ‘to ask’, or, ‘to request’; whereas the word used in the second instance is ‘erotao’ which means ‘to interrogate.’ When we see the various English Versions of the Bible, then too the same thing becomes apparent that not all translators render these words as "pray" in the sense of putting forth a petition or making a request. Therefore, we can paraphrase 1 John 5:16 as follows “If anyone sees his brother sinning a sin which does not lead to death, he can ask [‘aiteo’ - request God], and He will give him life for those who commit a sin not leading to death. There also is a sin leading to death. I do not say that he should pray [‘erotao’ – interrogate, or be inquisitive] about that.” Here the "pray" used in the latter part of the verse is not in the same sense, as we commonly understand it to mean as asking or petitioning God for something to seek His favor or benevolence.

           Here a note needs to be made of two very significant things in the verse that have a direct bearing on its interpretation and on understanding its meaning. The first is, as stated at the beginning of the verse, John is saying this about "his brother" i.e. another Christian Believer; or about a person who, by coming into faith in the Lord Jesus and having received forgiveness from sins by the grace of God, has entered into eternal life (John 1:12-13). Being a Christian Believer, he is now outside the purview and requirements of the Law and its compulsions; the requirements of the Law have no hold upon him (Romans 7:6; Colossians 2:14), and he can neither be evaluated under the provisions of the Law, nor held guilty and penalized under the Law.

           The second is, that the verse ends by saying “...There is sin leading to death. I do not say that he should pray about that” and this is the sentence that has caused the uncertainty and confusion related to this verse. The important thing to be noted here and to be understood is that John has not said “since those sins of that person will not be forgiven so I am not asking you to pray for them” – but generally that is the understanding and meaning that is assumed and accepted while reading this verse; whereas that is not what is written here. Instead of "pray" if we use the literal meaning of the original Greek word ‘erotao’ i.e. ‘to interrogate’, then the sentence becomes “...There is sin leading to death. I do not say that he should 'be interrogated' about that”, or, “...there is sin which leads to death as per the Law: but there is no need for anyone to interrogate or be inquisitive about it.” Reading this with the first factor - "brother" in mind, now the meaning of what John is saying becomes, that, when the Lord has forgiven that person who could not have been forgiven through the Law, and has included him in His Church and made him a member of His family as a child of God, then why should some person be interrogating about his sins; what need does anyone have of inquiring about his sins? He may have committed a sin which is unforgivable according to the Law, but you have nothing to do with the person's sins being forgivable or not, therefore there is no need for you to interrogate or inquire about them.

           If we see this verse, 1 John 5:16, in context of its preceding verses, then too this interpretation fits in with what is being said in those verses. In 1 John 5:13-15 John is explaining to his readers that through faith in the Lord Jesus they have not only received eternal life, but they also been given the confidence to ask of God, and that if their petitions are in accordance with the will of God then having heard their petitions, He will also fulfill them. Since, as per John 3:16 it is God's will to provide eternal life to those who believe on the Lord Jesus, and now since the Law and it's penalties are no longer applicable upon us because of our being in Christ Jesus, therefore they can unhesitatingly ask for pardon and for eternal life being granted to even those, who were not worthy of this on the basis of the Law, and the Lord will grant eternal life even to them.

           It may be possible that on the basis of the Law, some people may have been hesitant and may have doubted that when God has already decreed the death penalty for some sins in the Law, then how can we ask God to go back on His word and change His Law? Here John is encouraging them, that even if someone has committed a sin, which according to the Law is to be punished by death, even then the way has been opened for him, and through the Lord Jesus he has the opportunity to receive forgiveness and eternal life.